Sulfate oligosaccharide of Gracilaria lemaneiformis modulates type 1 immunity by restraining T cell activation

Seaweeds are important blue food and some seaweeds have been demonstrated that exhibit immunoregulation activities for improving human health. However, which immune cell subsets are targeted and how immune processes are regulated by those seaweeds remains poorly understood. Here we identified sulfated oligosaccharide of Gracilaria lemaneiformis inhibits IFNg production by T cells in ovalbumin immunized mice and OVA specific CD4 T cells activation system. Mechanistically, results of transcriptomic analysis indicate that GLSO inhibit the gene expression involved in mTOR signaling, glycolysis, cell cycle and DNA replication that resulted in impaired T cell activation. Taken together, GLSO has an immunomodulatory function in Th1 immune responses.