DATA - Pyrolysis temperature controls carbon stability and micronutrient bioavailability in vineyard-trimming biochar

This dataset contains the complete experimental data supporting the study “Pyrolysis temperature controls carbon stability and micronutrient bioavailability in vineyard-trimming biochar”. The data were generated to evaluate how contrasting pyrolysis temperatures (300 °C and 600 °C) regulate biochar yield, physicochemical properties, carbon stability, and the total and bioavailable fractions of key micronutrients.

Biochars were produced from vineyard pruning residues (Vitis vinifera) collected in northwestern Spain using slow pyrolysis under controlled laboratory conditions. The dataset includes raw and processed measurements for biochar yield, pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon, oxidizable organic carbon, elemental composition (C, H, N, S, and O), and derived atomic ratios (H/C, O/C, and (O+N)/C) used as indicators of carbonization degree and chemical stability.

In addition, the dataset provides total concentrations of macro- and micronutrients (Na, Mg, P, Ca, K, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn) determined by acid digestion and ICP-MS analysis, as well as chemically extractable (DTPA-extractable) fractions of Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn representing potential bioavailability. Relative bioavailable fractions are included to enable direct comparison between total and extractable pools.

The repository also includes the data matrix used for multivariate analysis (principal component analysis, PCA), summary statistics (mean ± standard deviation, n = 3), and the complete R scripts employed for statistical analyses and figure generation. All data are provided in open, reusable formats to ensure transparency, reproducibility, and reuse.

These data support the identification of a functional trade-off between carbon stability and micronutrient bioavailability in vineyard-derived biochars and are intended for reuse in studies on biochar design, soil amendment strategies, circular economy applications, and climate-smart agriculture.