Metabarcoding of PalEnDNA as An Efficient Tool to Recover Ancient Bacterial Diversity

Past bacterial diversity of a paleosol was reconstructed using metabarcoding of paleo environmental DNA (PalEnDNA). The paleosol was subsampled from a sediment core which was excavated from a palaeo beach-ridge located 2.6 km away from present sea shore and identified that it was deposited under marine influence ∼6000 years ago, using geological proxies. The bacterial community contained 37 bacterial phyla and dominated by <i>Proteobacteria</i>, followed by <i>Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia</i>, and <i>Chloroflexi</i>. The bacterial community was a mix-up of marine and terrestrial population, and thereby diversity was higher than marine populations. The result shows metabarcoding of PalEnDNA can effectively reconstruct past bacterial community structure.