Unraveling the influence of essential climatic factors on the number of tones through an extensive database of languages in China

Code

l 01TextGrid.praat  Segment and label the sound files in all folders under the directory

l 02Extract voice quality data.praat  Extract voice quality parameters, including jitter, shimmer, HNR, CPP, H1-H2, H1-A1, H1-A2, and H1-A3

l 03Extract pitch data.praat  Extract pitch data, including maximum, minimum, range, mean, upper quartile, lower quartile, pitch inter-quartile range, and median absolute deviation

l 04Correlation Analysis and Mantel Test.R  Correlation tests between different variables and create correlation plots.

l 05GAMM_Voice quality~Climate factors.R  Examine the relationship between climate factors and voice quality

l 06GAMM_Tone ~ Voice quality.R  Examine the relationship between voice quality and the number of tones

l 07GAMM_Tone~Climate factors.R  Examine the relationship between climate factors and the number of tones

l 08GAMM_Pitch~Climate factors.R  Examine the relationship between pitch variation, the number of tones, and climate factors

Data

All extracted data files are in the data folder.

l 1525dataset.csv The file includes data for 1,525 language varieties with the following information: geographic location names (column A), linguistic classification and ASJP name information (columns B-E), longitude and latitude and information (columns F-G), number of tones (column H), Pitch information (columns I-J), voice quality information (columns K-R), climate information (columns S-X)

l Geographical distance.csv  The geographic distances between 1,525 language varieties were calculated using the Delaunay-Dijkstra method

l Language distance.csv  The language distances between 1,525 language varieties were calculated using the ASJP method.

l Specifichumiditydif.csv  Specific humidity difference dataset for the locations of 1,525 language varieties

l Tonedif.csv  Tone difference dataset among 1,525 language varieties

l Voice quality data extracted using different methods.csv Voice quality data for 1,115 dialectal variants, analyzed at both the lexical level and the vowel "a" level. Columns B–I present voice quality parameters extracted from the vowel, while columns J–Q provide data extracted from the lexical items.