Changes in weight, body composition, fitness and function for all included studies.

ER, energy restriction; ER+E, energy restriction and exercise; ER+ME, energy restriction and moderate intensity exercise; ER+VE, energy restriction and vigorous exercise; ERs, energy restriction standard diet; ERhp, energy restriction high protein diet; ER+AT, energy restriction and aerobic training; ER+RT, energy restriction and resistance training; ER+AM male energy restriction and aerobic exercise training; ER+AF female energy restriction and aerobic exercise training; ERm, male energy restriction; ERf, female energy restriction; ER+RM, male energy restriction and resistance training; ER+RF, female energy restriction and resistance training. # significant within group changes with intervention. Values with different letters (a,b) significant between group changes with intervention. §significant difference between combined diet only interventions and combined exercise and diet interventions.NR not reported or not able to be calculated. ↑significant improvement within group; ↓significant decrease within group; ↔no change within group. SM, skeletal muscle mass. Reported VO2peak shows relative VO2peak. Absolute VO2peak is shown if the study did not report relative VO2peak.