Wpływ etapu laktacji na zawartość czynników neurotropowych w mleku ludzkim

Human milk is a complex body fluid that provides a variety of components necessary for the proper growth and development of the baby, including: macro- and microelements, immunomodulating components, trophic factors, hormones, enzymes, oligosaccharides and microorganisms. Due to its unique composition that changes during lactation, breast milk ensures the proper growth and development of the child not only in the neonatal period, but also in infancy. Neurotrophic factors such as neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and leptin have a significant impact on the infant’s development. They regulate the survival, differentiation and maturation of new neurons, the growth of axons and the survival of existing neurons and those involved in the formation of synapses, both in prenatal, neonatal life. A very important component of human milk is leptin, whose action is multidirectional. First of all, it regulates the feeling of satiety and hunger, interoperating with, among others, neurotrophic factors. Together with other adipokines, it influences the nutritional programming of newborns and infants. Leptin secretion is regulated by neurotrophic factors.