AUCa calculated by testing prediction models on CMU-SOb.

AUCa: area under the receiver operating characteristic curves.CMU-SOb: A dataset collects clinical information from Department of Surgical Oncology at the First Hospital of China Medical University.variable selectionc: the variable selection method which has the highest AUC.Globald: without variable selection.GAe: variable selection using genetic algorithms.BSFSf: variable selection using backward stepwise feature selection.*: median AUC of 15 tests.**: comparing the AUC of prediction models with TNM staging system.