Results showed that L4 sublineages of MTB, such as L4.1.1 (X), L4.1.2 (H) and L4.3 (LAM), were the most prevalent. Furthermore, we found exclusive mutations and gene clusters in a particular virulent sublineage L4.1.1.3 (X3).

Tuberculosis disease is a major health threat globally. In Mexico, information regarding the genomic variants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis prevailing in the country then sequenced genomes from Jalisco, were analyzed with a global context to identify genotypic patterns of MTB isolates prevailing in Mexico and determine genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in the evolution of these particular populations. The X3 clade is distinguished from the rest of the sublineages by containing genes related to pathogenicity and virulence, as well as a gene related to delamanid an antibiotic for active multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.