Data for "Association of lightning occurrence with precipitation cloud column structure at a fixed position"

Here are the data for the paper titled "Association of lightning occurrence with precipitation cloud column structure at a fixed position" and submitted to Atmospheric Research.  The abstract is as follow.

A grid-based lightning activity diagnosis method that has been rarely involved in previous studies is needed for fine-grid lightning early warning and forecast systems for meteorological applications. In this study, a C-band frequency-modulated continuous-wave (C-FMCW) radar, with its feature of vertical detection, was combined with lightning discharge recordings within a 3 km range to investigate the dependence of lightning occurrence on the structure of precipitation cloud columns (PCCs) from the perspective of a fixed position, which is similar to a spatial grid. The results show that, relative to PCCs without lightning, PCCs with lightning exhibit greater maximum reflectivity, reflectivity at different temperature layers, maximum upward radial velocity, maximum velocity spectrum width, cloud top height, and vertically integrated liquid in terms of their average values, and wider-range distributions of these parameters. Thus, with the introduction of the Light Gradient Boosting Machine algorithm, a lightning diagnosis program that integrates multiple C-FMCW radar parameters was developed. Its hit rate of lightning occurrence is 93.5% and it has a threat score of 0.421. Further, the results suggest that the maximum velocity spectrum width above the 0 °C isotherm is the most effective in distinguishing PCCs with or without lightning. In accordance with these findings, polarimetric radar data above the position of C-FMCW radar revealed that the hydrometeor properties of PCCs may play a more important role than convection intensity in determining the presence or absence of lightning at a specific location.