SiC与球形石墨颗粒混杂增强铝基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

以6092铝合金为基体，通过粉末冶金法分别制备了球形石墨颗粒(Gr)以及SiCp和Gr混杂增强的铝基复合材料，并采用田口模型结合方差分析，对复合材料与铜合金摩擦副之间的干滑动摩擦磨损行为进行了分析研究. 结果表明：随着载荷从10 N增至20 N，3种复合材料的摩擦系数、磨损率均相应增加；随滑动速率从0.5 m/s增至1.0 m/s，15%Gr/6092Al和(5%Gr+20%SiCp)/6092Al的摩擦系数先减小后增大；而(5%Gr+10%SiCp)/6092Al的摩擦系数呈递减趋势. 相同条件下，单一石墨颗粒增强的复合材料的磨损率大于混杂增强的复合材料的磨损率. 方差分析的结果表明：增强相百分比单独作用、增强相百分比和滑动速率相互作用以及滑动速率单独作用3个因素对磨损率和摩擦系数产生了显著的影响. 随SiCp含量增加，材料硬度增加，SiCp对基体起到支撑保护作用，磨损面上的磨痕变浅，分层剥落现象明显减轻，磨屑变得细小，摩擦系数更为稳定，磨损机制由剥层磨损向磨粒磨损转变.

Using 6092 aluminum alloy as the matrix, spherical graphite particle (Gr) reinforced and SiCp/Gr hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composites were respectively fabricated via powder metallurgy. Subsequently, the dry sliding friction and wear behavior of the composites against copper alloy friction pairs was analyzed and investigated using the Taguchi model combined with analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results show that as the load increases from 10 N to 20 N, both the friction coefficient and wear rate of the three composites increase correspondingly. As the sliding velocity rises from 0.5 m/s to 1.0 m/s, the friction coefficients of 15%Gr/6092Al and (5%Gr+20%SiCp)/6092Al first decrease and then increase, whereas the friction coefficient of (5%Gr+10%SiCp)/6092Al exhibits a decreasing trend. Under identical conditions, the wear rate of the single graphite particle reinforced composite is higher than that of the hybrid reinforced composites. The ANOVA results further demonstrate that three factors, namely the individual effect of reinforcement phase content, the interaction effect between reinforcement phase content and sliding velocity, and the individual effect of sliding velocity, exert significant impacts on both the wear rate and friction coefficient. As the SiCp content increases, the material hardness rises; SiCp provides supporting and protective effects for the matrix, leading to shallower wear scars on the worn surface, significantly mitigated delamination spalling, finer wear debris, more stable friction coefficient, and the transition of wear mechanism from delamination wear to abrasive wear.