Educational video vs pamphlet: interventions to improve knowledge and attitude toward vitiligo

Vitiligo is a visible condition that is more noticeable in darker-skinnedpeople. Various misconceptions and negative attitudes about vitiligo among the publicare prevalent. Educating the public about vitiligo could ultimately lead to betterpsychosocial well-being of vitiligo patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluatethe efficacy of a brief video education comparing with pamphlet education aboutvitiligo to assess for improved knowledge and attitude of public. An interventionalstudy design was created using a survey based on the simulation video of the realsituation. All participants were asked to fill in the attitude and knowledge questionnairesafter watching a brief 20-second video which portrayed a customer being served at arestaurant by a waitress with visible white patches on both hands. Then, participants wererandomized to either receive the experimental ( educational vitiligo video) or control(educational vitiligo pamphlet) group of study. After watching the video or reading pamphleteducational, participants in both group were asked to complete the questionnaireimmediately. Lastly, the post intervention, at day 7 was performed in both groups.Total 101 subjects completed the questionnaires. The mean knowledge scorewas 7.24 ± 3.38 (minimum = 0, maximum = 15). Less than one-fourth of the participantsrecognized this condition from video as vitiligo. Also, fewer than two-third of all questionsin this study had percentage of correct answer except the only question which more than 70%Ref. code: 25595829040426DNB Ref. code: 25595829040426DNB(2)of the participants knew was that it is not lethal. In attitude perceptions, the mean attitudescore of this studied sample was 28.02 ± 4.45 (minimum =1, maximum = 40). The lowestattitude score was in starting to date a vitiligo victim while the highest attitude score wasfound when individuals already married with vitiligo patients.The result of comparison between video group and pamphlet group revealedthat in knowledge part, the mean difference from baseline to immediately andimmediately to Day 7 after intervention had not showed statistically difference (p=0.29,p=0.17 respectively). These finding suggest that both video and pamphlet could improvethe knowledge at immediately and at Day 7 equally.In attitude part, the mean difference from baseline to post intervention,immediately of video and pamphlet did not show statistically difference ( p= 0. 49) .Nevertheless, from post intervention, immediately to Day 7, it revealed an increasing ofthe mean difference in video group was significantly more than a decreasing of the meandifference in pamphlet group (p=0.015). These finding suggest that video education weremore useful than pamphlet in term of leading to better attitude in long term towardsvitiligo.Moreover, the relationship between knowledge and attitude revealed thatsufficient knowledge tended to have more positive attitudes towards vitiligo. Thisassociation was statistically significant (p<0.004).In conclusion, video and pamphlet vitiligo education are both effective andbeneficial to encourage improving knowledge. However, video is superior to pamphletin the long term for changing to better attitude towards vitiligo. Education will clarifysome false perceptions and bring better social integration and adaptation for vitiligopatients.