Yellow-billed Cuckoo Predicted Habitat - CWHR B259 [ds2176]

CWHR Predicted Habitat Models represent areas of predicted suitable habitat for each species within its range. These models are built from the following principal inputs: 1) a statewide, best-available vegetation map (FVEG); 2) GIS data representing a species’ range; 3) the CWHR database of habitat suitability values for over 700 terrestrial vertebrate species. Habitat suitability ranks of Low (non-zero values less than 0.34), Medium (0.34-0.66), and High (greater than 0.66) are based on the maximum suitability value across the 3 species life requisites: reproduction, feeding, and cover. Note that previous versions of these Predicted Habitat Models used an average across the 3 life requisites in order to obtain an overall suitability score for each habitat type and stage class. Habitat suitability scores were developed based on habitat patch sizes greater than 40 acres in size and are best interpreted for habitat patches greater than 200 acres in size. The FVEG landcover dataset is an aggregation of multiple statewide landcover and regional vegetation mapping efforts, conducted at different points in time (approximately 1990 up to time of publishing) and at various resolutions, compiled by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CALFIRE). FVEG uses the most current and consistent data available for each region of the state. Decision rules were developed that controlled which layers were given priority in areas of overlap. Crosswalks were used to attribute the various data sources according to the CWHR habitat-type classification system. Attributing FVEG with CWHR habitat types allows for the extraction of areas with non-zero suitability values for each species within the bounds of its range, creating a series of maps of predicted suitable habitat which are species-specific. Because FVEG is an amalgam of disparate landcover assessment efforts across the state, the predictive power for determining suitable habitat will vary between species, and possibly even regionally for species which are widely distributed. While these maps represent CDFW’s best estimate of the presence of suitable habitat for any given species in the CWHR system, these maps are also limited by several factors: 1) the accuracy and resolution of vegetation maps in a given region; 2) the dynamic nature of the landscape in which fire and other disturbance events alter conditions at a greater frequency than mapping efforts can track; 3) the currency of expert knowledge, particularly as species adapt to changing land and climate conditions and the shifting of other species’ ranges; 4) the frequency of species-specific surveys across a representative sample of a species’ entire range; 5) metapopulation dynamics, which describes the shifting of populations within their environment as result of numerous types of interactions and responses. CWHR GIS data representing predicted suitable habitat should not be used to indicate the presence or absence of a particular species at any specific site. CWHR predicted habitat models are named according to the 4-character alpha-numeric CWHR ID assigned to each species (5 characters in the case of subspecies or other sub-taxa). There is also a “CWHR Revision Tracking Table” containing a record for each species, its CWHR ID, scientific name, common name, and range and habitat model data revision history. CWHR species range models, predicted habitat models, and GIS data of the statewide distribution of all CWHR habitat types, along with the CWHR revision tracking table, are available for download at https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CWHR.CWHR预测栖息地模型代表各物种在其分布范围内的预测适宜栖息地区域。此类模型基于以下核心输入构建：1）全州范围内的最佳可用植被图（FVEG）；2）表征物种分布范围的地理信息系统（GIS）数据；3）涵盖700余种陆生脊椎动物栖息地适宜性分值的CWHR数据库。栖息地适宜性等级分为低（非零分值小于0.34）、中（0.34~0.66）与高（大于0.66），该分级基于物种3类生存必需条件——繁殖、觅食与遮蔽——的最大适宜性分值确定。请注意，过往版本的此类预测栖息地模型曾采用3类生存必需条件的平均分值，以获取每种栖息地类型与阶段类别的整体适宜性评分。栖息地适宜性评分基于面积大于40英亩的栖息地斑块开发，其最佳适用场景为面积大于200英亩的栖息地斑块。FVEG土地覆盖数据集整合了多项全州土地覆盖与区域植被测绘成果，这些成果于不同时期（大致为1990年至发布之时）以不同分辨率完成，由加州林业与消防局（CALFIRE）编制。FVEG采用加州各区域当前可获取的最一致、最新数据，并制定了决策规则以处理重叠区域的图层优先级问题。通过跨映射对照表（Crosswalks），依据CWHR栖息地类型分类系统为各类数据源赋予属性。将CWHR栖息地类型属性赋予FVEG后，即可在物种分布范围边界内提取各物种的非零适宜性分值区域，从而生成一系列物种专属的预测适宜栖息地地图。由于FVEG整合了全州范围内多种不同的土地覆盖评估成果，适宜栖息地判定的预测能力会因物种而异；对于分布范围广泛的物种，甚至可能因区域不同而存在差异。尽管此类地图代表了加州鱼类与野生动物部（CDFW）对CWHR系统中任一物种适宜栖息地存在情况的最佳估算，但它们仍受多项因素限制：1）特定区域植被图的精度与分辨率；2）景观的动态性——火灾与其他干扰事件改变栖息地条件的频率高于测绘工作的更新频率；3）专家知识的时效性，尤其是在物种适应不断变化的土地与气候条件、以及其他物种分布范围发生转移的背景下；4）针对物种整个分布范围的代表性样本开展的物种专属调查频率；5）集合种群动态——即种群在环境中因多种交互作用与响应而发生的位移。CWHR预测栖息地的GIS数据不得用于判定特定地点是否存在某一物种。CWHR预测栖息地模型依据为每个物种分配的4位字母数字CWHR ID命名（亚种或其他亚分类群的物种为5位ID）。此外还设有"CWHR修订跟踪表"，其中包含每个物种的CWHR ID、学名、通用名、分布范围及栖息地模型数据的修订历史记录。CWHR物种分布模型、预测栖息地模型、涵盖所有CWHR栖息地类型全州分布的GIS数据，以及CWHR修订跟踪表，均可从https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CWHR下载获取。