Observational studies have demonstrated that cardiovascular risk factors are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, these observational associations are potentially influenced by the r
Aim: We aimed to examine the association of oxidative stress, programmed cell death, smoking, and the GSTM1 gene in the risk of lung carcinogenesis. The two-step Mendelian randomization will reveal ev
BackgroundPituitary tumors (PTs) are common benign intracranial tumors. Investigating the metabolites in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in PTs is essential to understanding the underlying biological me
ObjectiveAssociations between diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (MSCTD) and breast cancer (BC) have not been elucidated completely. The purpose of this study was to investig
BackgroundRecent research linked changes in the gut microbiota and serum metabolite concentrations to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the potential causal relationship remained unclear. There
