Midlife in the United States (MIDUS Refresher 1): Biomarker Project, 2012-2016

The MIDUS Refresher study Survey (2011-2014 ICPSR 36532) recruited a national probability sample of 3,577 adults, aged 25 to 74, designed to replenish the original MIDUS 1 baseline cohort and paralleling the five decadal age groups of the MIDUS 1 baseline survey (ICPSR 2760). The MIDUS Refresher survey employed the same comprehensive assessments as those assembled on the core longitudinal MIDUS sample, but with additional questions about impacts of the economic recession of 2008-09. The MIDUS Refresher Biomarker study (2012-2016) obtained data from 863 respondents (n=746 Main sample, n=117 African Americans from Milwaukee) who completed the MIDUS Refresher Survey. The purpose of the Refresher Biomarker Project (Project 4) parallels that of the MIDUS 2 Biomarker project (ICPSR 29282), which collected comprehensive biological assessments on a subsample of MIDUS respondents, thus facilitating analyses that integrate behavioral and psychosocial factors with biological regulation/dysregulation, broadly defined. The aim was to use such data to explicate biopsychosocial pathways that contributed to diverse health outcomes. A further theme was to examine period effects on health (mental and physical) related to the economic recession by comparing the pre-recession MIDUS sample with the post-recession MIDUS Refresher sample. A further objective of the MIDUS Refresher sample was to strengthen cross-project analyses by increasing the sample sizes available for testing hypotheses regarding the interplay of key factors (e.g., socioeconomic status, gender, psychosocial factors, biological factors) in mid- and later-life health. Biomarker data collection was carried out at hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the autonomic nervous system, the immune system, cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, antioxidants, and three General Clinical Research Centers (at UCLA, University of Wisconsin, and Georgetown University). The biomarkers reflect functioning of the metabolic processes. Our specimens (fasting blood draw, 12-hour urine, saliva) allowed for assessment of multiple indicators within these major systems. The protocol also included assessments by clinicians or trained staff, including vital signs, morphology, functional capacities including 3 dimensional gait analysis, bone densitometry, body composition, ankle brachial index, medication usage, and a physical exam. Project staff obtained indicators of heart-rate variability, beat to beat blood pressure, respiration, and salivary cortisol assessments during an experimental protocol that included both a cognitive and orthostatic challenge. Finally, to augment the self-reported data collected in Survey (Project 1), participants completed a medical history, self-administered questionnaire, and self-reported sleep assessments. For respondents at one site (UW-Madison), objective sleep assessments were also obtained with an Actiwatch(R) activity monitor.

《MIDUS Refresher 研究调查》（2011-2014 年 ICPSR 36532）招募了一个全国概率样本，共 3,577 名 25 至 74 岁的成年人，旨在补充原始 MIDUS 1 基线队列，并与 MIDUS 1 基线调查（ICPSR 2760）的五个十年年龄组相平行。MIDUS Refresher 调查采用了与核心纵向 MIDUS 样本中汇编的相同全面评估，但增加了关于 2008-09 年经济衰退影响的额外问题。MIDUS Refresher 生物标志物研究（2012-2016 年）从完成了 MIDUS Refresher 调查的 863 名受访者（n=746 主要样本，n=117 名来自密尔沃基的非洲裔美国人）中获取了数据。Refresher 生物标志物项目（项目 4）的目的与 MIDUS 2 生物标志物项目（ICPSR 29282）相一致，该项目对 MIDUS 响应者子样本进行了全面的生物评估，从而促进了将行为和心理学因素与生物学调节/失调（广义定义）相结合的分析。目的是利用这些数据阐明导致多种健康结果的生物心理社会途径。另一个主题是通过比较经济衰退前的 MIDUS 样本与经济衰退后的 MIDUS Refresher 样本，来检验时期对健康（精神和身体）的影响。MIDUS Refresher 样本的另一个目标是，通过增加可用于测试关于关键因素（例如，社会经济地位、性别、心理学因素、生物学因素）在中年和晚年健康中的相互作用的假设的样本量，来加强跨项目分析。生物标志物数据收集在以下方面进行：下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、自主神经系统、免疫系统、心血管系统、骨骼肌肉系统、抗氧化剂和三个综合临床研究中心（位于加州大学洛杉矶分校、威斯康星大学和乔治敦大学）。生物标志物反映了代谢过程的运作。我们的样本（空腹血液采集、12 小时尿液、唾液）允许评估这些主要系统中的多个指标。方案还包括由临床医生或受过培训的员工进行的评估，包括生命体征、形态学、包括三维步态分析在内的功能能力、骨密度测量、身体成分、踝臂指数、药物使用和体格检查。项目工作人员在包括认知和直立挑战的实验方案期间获得了心率变异性、每搏血压、呼吸和唾液皮质醇评估指标。最后，为了补充调查（项目 1）中收集的自我报告数据，参与者完成了病历、自我管理问卷和自我报告的睡眠评估。对于位于一个站点（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）的受访者，还通过 Actiwatch® 活动监测器获得了客观的睡眠评估。