Antitumor Mechanism of Deep-Sea Fungus Chaetomium globosum YP-106 Metabolite chaetomugilin O in Thyroid Cancer Treatment

This study explores the therapeutic potential of chaetomugilin O, a chlorinated azaphilone metabolite derived from deep-sea fungi, in the treatment of thyroid cancer. Chaetomugilin O was extracted from the fungus *Chaetomium globosum* YP-106 and subjected to in vitro experiments. The results demonstrated that this compound significantly inhibited the proliferation of thyroid cancer CAL-62 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further mechanistic studies revealed that chaetomugilin O exerts its antitumor effects by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, triggering G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, and activating apoptosis pathways. Transcriptomic analysis uncovered its regulatory role in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, forming a multi-target synergistic antitumor effect.