<b>Density-dependent intraspecific competition and reproductive trade-offs in dung beetles</b>

§ Moderate intraspecific density increased brood production in both Onthophagus binodis and Digitonthophagus gazella. § Moderate to high density group beetles buried the highest amount of dung than solitary beetles, but produced smaller and lighter broods by both species. § Onthophagus binodis prioritised brood number, whereas Digitonthophagus gazella maintained greater investment per brood across densities, indicating species-specific reproductive strategies.