Estimates of the proportional contribution of white-tailed deer, beaver, and Canada goose to the diet of gray wolves (n = 10) during a captive feeding study in Forest Lake, Minnesota, USA, 2011–2012.

Proportional contributions to diet (Estimated; Mean and SD) were estimated by bootstrapping the number of each prey (and the range of possible masses from the literature) fed to each wolf. Proportional contributions (SIMM; Mean and SD) represent posterior density distributions of Bayesian stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) mixing models formulated with various priors (from non-informative to minimum informative prior) and discrimination factors (i.e., red fox [F] and wolf [W]). In column Sig., *** indicates when the 95% CI of the difference between the estimated values and SIMM posteriors overlapped zero. Priors represent the vector of α values of a Dirichlet distribution corresponding to deer, beaver, and goose, respectively.Estimates of the proportional contribution of white-tailed deer, beaver, and Canada goose to the diet of gray wolves (n = 10) during a captive feeding study in Forest Lake, Minnesota, USA, 2011–2012.