DATA of Validating a Reduced Technology Acceptance Model 3 in Engineering Education: A Five-Year Study of a Constructionist 3D Learning Microworld

This study assessed whether a reduced Technology Acceptance Model 3 provides a valid and stable framework for evaluating students’ acceptance of ARPAID across five academic cohorts (2019–2024) and three engineering disciplines: Aerospace, Electrical, and Electronic Engineering. ARPAID is a constructionist 3D microworld, inspired by Seymour Papert’s theory, that supports exploratory learning through the functional, and graphical representation of mechanical assemblies. A five-year dataset was analysed using a four-dimensions instrument comprising perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, enjoyment, and behavioural intention. Factorial validity, reliability, measurement invariance, and coherent structural relationships supported the instrument’s consistency across disciplines and cohorts. Acceptance was consistently favourable. Aerospace and Electrical Engineering students reported greater perceived usefulness and behavioural intention than Electronic Engineering students. The 2019/2020 cohort showed the strongest acceptance, possibly reflecting pandemic-related digital learning conditions. The findings support the reduced model as a robust framework for evaluating constructionist 3D learning technologies in engineering education.