台灣地區原產殼斗科植物堅果的開發與利用 The development and utilization of Taiwan Fagaceae plants acorns
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台灣位於亞熱帶,物種豐富,原生種之殼斗科植物有50多種,其中多數能產生較大型堅果果實,如能開發較大型堅果果實成為食品原料或動物飼料,經濟效益不可限量。本研究以不同乾燥方法,探討青剛櫟、鬼櫟及板栗之種仁粉末的抗氧化能力與總酚含量的關係,及其中澱粉形態特性、橡實粉中直鏈澱粉和抗解澱粉含量。結果顯示粉末中澱粉顆粒大多呈橢圓及多角型,且不同乾燥處理後觀察發現不同的橡實粉色澤不同,分別為青剛櫟粉偏黃、鬼櫟粉偏紅、板栗粉則為粉白色。在因多酚含量及乾燥溫度時發生的褐變,熱風乾燥時溫度40℃的橡實粉L值較60℃和凍乾為高,且色澤偏亮。在以不同乾燥處理時,以60℃熱風乾燥的橡實粉直鏈澱粉及抗解澱粉的含量最高,其中以青剛櫟含量最多。在抗氧化能力測試中,鬼櫟粉以60℃熱風乾燥和凍乾處理後,其DPPH清除自由基的能力及總黃酮含量最高;凍乾處理後的鬼櫟粉,其FRAP還原力和總酚含量也最高。由上述可知,不同乾燥方式會影響三種橡實粉的色澤、直鏈與抗解澱粉的含量及抗氧化活性物質的含量。分析的橡實:1.全種仁營養成分:小西氏石櫟、后大埔石櫟、短尾葉石櫟、鬼櫟。2.種仁油成分:小西氏石櫟、后大埔石櫟。3.種仁澱粉成分:鬼櫟、小西氏石櫟、三斗石櫟、青剛櫟、后大埔石櫟。4.橡實種仁含水率於30-45%之間時採收分析。青剛櫟種仁萃取出之澱粉含較高量之直鏈澱粉,可成為重要之工業澱粉原料,且能成為低GI之食品原料提供減肥食譜及糖尿病患者之用。
Use of Acorns for human livestock, domestic fowl and wildlife foods or feeders are neglected for people, According to the TREES OF TAIWAN Ou1994)recording it have 50 species of Quercus plants all produce big acorns. Acorns are easy to collect, store, and process. In addition to the nutritious nut and meals, acorns.(The Pasania konishii、P. corneaacorns)may yield an oil comparable in quality and flavor with olive oil.The Pasania konishii、P.cornea nuts content13%to 20%of plant oil.especially of Mono or Poly-unsaturated lipid, match the FDA healthy foods standars. The heat dried would influence the Anti-freeradical capacity of the acorns nut powder. How to getted a suit methods were the main conflict in the future. The existing acorn market could be greatly expanded and provide new income for rural people in the future.The Cyclobalanopsis glauca seeds could extract planty of strach, the strach contain more linear chain starchs may offer the opportunity for indurstry use.
创建时间:
2015-03-31



