Density Functional Calculations for Modeling the Active Site of Nickel−Iron Hydrogenases. 2. Predictions for the Unready and Ready States and the Corresponding Activation Processes

ZORA relativistic DFT calculations are presented which aim to model the geometric and electronic structure of the
active site of NiFe hydrogenases in its EPR-active oxidized states Ni-A (unready state) and Ni-B (ready state).
Starting coordinates are taken from the X-ray structure of a mutant of Desulfovibrio fructosovorans hydrogenase
refined at 1.81 Å resolution. Nine possible candidates for Ni-A and Ni-B are analyzed in terms of their geometric
and electronic structure. Comparison of calculated geometric and magnetic resonance parameters with available
experimental data indicates that both oxidized states have a μ-hydroxo bridge between the two metal centers. The
different electronic structures of both forms can be explained by a modification of a terminal cysteine in Ni-B, best
modeled by protonation of the sulfur atom. A possible mechanism for the activation of both oxidized forms is
presented.