Environmental data provide marginal benefit for predicting climate adaptation

Populations of natural and cultivated plant and animal populations will be affected by more extreme climate events such as drought and flooding in the future. We explore whether characterization of the environment-of-origin of each accession in a large sample of traditional maize germplasm can be used to accelerate conservation and breeding efforts for adaptation.
We compare the utility of genotype and environmental data for predicting fitness of individuals in a number of common garden trials. We find that environment-of-origin data and genome scans for loci that associate with abiotic environmental variables provide surprisingly little benefit to prioritizing accessions for improvement, despite clear evidence of environmental adaptation in these accessions. These results provide important practical insight into the use of gene banks for climate adaptation.
Methods include prediction of environmental variables from genotyping-by-sequencing data, environmental GWAS (envGWAS) to identify..., , # Environmental data provide marginal benefit for predicting climate adaptation

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.5hqbzkhhf](10.5061/dryad.5hqbzkhhf)

## Description of the data and file structure

One zip file including all analysis data is included to preserve structure.
* envGWAS results
* Includes all results from JointGWAS for multivariate environmental GWAS (envGWAS), including effect sizes, F-values and p-values. Also includes significant SNPs genome-wide and clumped lead SNPs for top peaks.
* GPoE
* Includes results for genomic prediction of environment analyses, including accessions in sampled folds and predicted environmental values. Includes both spatial and random 10-fold cross-validation (CV) analyses.
* MegaLMM output
* Includes results from MegaLMM output for generating genetic (G_hat) and residual (R_hat) covariance matrices used in JointGWAS for envGWAS.
* Phenotypic GWAS
* Includes results for GWAS for phenotypic traits, such as anthesis silking interval (ASI), bare c...,