Infrared monitoring efficiency analysis data of near-Earth asteroids based on Earth navigation orbit

Near-earth asteroids pose a potential risk of colliding with the Earth. Continuous and comprehensive space monitoring is crucial for risk assessment and early warning. This paper constructs an asteroid visibility calculation model for the infrared space-based monitoring system deployed in the Earth's pilot orbit based on the radiative transfer theory and the thermal physical model of asteroids, which is used to quantify the infrared observation capabilities of asteroids under different conditions. Through system simulation, the relationship between the limit detection diameter and distance of asteroids under specific observation parameters was analyzed. An observation strategy was designed, and the discovery rate and early warning effectiveness of the infrared band system under different observation parameters were studied. The simulation results show that under the conditions of a signal-to-noise ratio threshold of 5 and a limit flow rate of 150 uJy, when the system continuously monitors the solar direction sky area for 6 years, the cataloging completeness rate of asteroids with a diameter of more than 50 meters is 29.67%, and the solar direction early warning rate can reach 86.88%. If the trailing orbit system is jointly used to observe the surrounding sky area of the Earth, the completeness rate of cataloging can be increased to 52.77%, and the early warning rate of the solar direction can be further raised to 91.50%. Research shows that the Earth Navigation Orbit infrared monitoring system has significant advantages in enhancing the early warning capability of the solar direction of near-Earth asteroids.