Study cohort and comorbidities at 2 years before index AF.

a: Comorbidities(Acute MI, Ischemic heart b Heart failure c, Hypertension, Ischemic stroke, Diabetes, Liver disease, Renal failure, Malignancy, Bleeding, Gastrointestinal bleeding d, Gastrointestinal bleeding e, Intracranial bleeding, Urinary tract bleeding and Airway bleeding) were defined before index AF (including index admission date) were defined 2 years before index AF (including index admission date).b: Ischemic heart disease was defined as having treatments of treadmill exercise and coronary angioplasty, or nuclear medicine image and coronary angioplasty.c: Included hospitalized patients only.d: Gastrointestinal bleeding was defined as having operations of panendoscopy.e: Non-specific type of operations on gastrointestinal bleeding.f: Previous antithrombotic treatment was defined 90 days before index AF (including index admission date).Study cohort and comorbidities at 2 years before index AF.