Data from: Scientific output scales with resources. A comparison of US and European Universities

By using a comprehensive dataset of US and European universities, we
demonstrate super-linear scaling between university revenues and their
volume of publications and (field-normalized) citations. We show that this
relationship holds both in the US and in Europe. In terms of resources,
our data show that three characteristics differentiate the US system: (1)
a significantly higher level of resources for the entire system, (2) a
clearer distinction between education-oriented institutions and doctoral
universities and (3) a higher concentration of resources among doctoral
universities. Accordingly, a group of US universities receive a much
larger amount of resources and have a far higher number of publications
and citations when compared to their European counterparts. These results
demonstrate empirically that international rankings are by and large
richness measures and, therefore, can be interpreted only by introducing a
measure of resources. Implications for public policies and institutional
evaluation are finally discussed.