Supporting texts, tables and figures.

Text A in S1 File. Pin Hole—Site Description and Excavation History. Text B in S1 File. Taphonomy of the Pin Hole Bird Remains. Text C in S1 File. List of Pin Hole Middle Palaeolithic Bird Remains with Provenance. Text D in S1 File. Measurements of #MR40 (female mallard Anas platyrhynchos) in author (JS) collection. Table A in S1 File. Measurements of Ardea sp. humerus shaft probably from Pin Hole MIS 3 level PH(F) 5895 A in relation to those of those of modern Ardeid specimens [47]. Table B in S1 File. Measurements of Pin Hole MIS 3 level Ciconia sp. coracoid PH(F) 5896 in relation to those of those of modern European specimens [48]. Table C in S1 File. Measurements of large Anseriformes humeri and coracoidea from MIS 3 of Pin Hole together with comparative measurements [49,50]. Table D in S1 File. Measurements of Melanita spp. humeri and tarsometatarsi from the Middle Palaeolithic of Pin Hole together with comparative measurements [49,50]. Table E in S1 File. Measurements of Pin Hole MIS 3 small Falco remains and modern comparative material. Included are the present author’s measurements, taken on specimens from the Natural History Museum’s Collections at Tring, together with those in brackets from Solti [51]. Table F in S1 File. Measurements of Pin Hole MIS 3 carpometacarpus PH(F) 2155 in relation to those of modern specimens of Columbidae [52] and Pteroclidae (authors measurements). Table G in S1 File. Measurements of owl tarsometatarsi from the Pin Hole MIS 3 level in relation to those of those of modern specimens [53]. Table H in S1 File. Measurements of the carpometacarpi of Turdidae showing the Pin Hole MIS 3 specimen in relation to extant Turdus species [36]. Table I in S1 File. Skeletal element representation of Galliformes and Anatinae at Pin Hole compared to West Runton, Boxgrove and the La Fage ravens (Corvus antecorax) [37,38,39, 54]. Figure A in S1 File. Percentage ratio diagram of the Pin Hole MIS 3 anatine bone measurements. Ratios are expressed as percentage of a female mallard. Also shown are the modern range of the mallard Anas platyrhynchos for each measurement (the grey area in the middle of the diagram) as well as that for the teal A. crecca (the smallest European duck, the grey area to the left of the diagram) both taken from [50]. All the numbers in the diagram are Pin Hole specimen numbers from the Armstrong excavation and would normally have the prefix PH(F). Figure B in S1 File. Scattergram with the tibiotarsus distal breadth measurement versus distal depth of the long-legged buzzard Buteo cf. rufinus from the Middle Palaeolithic of Pin Hole together with those of modern comparative specimens of European buzzards and hawks. Figure C in S1 File. Scattergram with carpometacarpus greatest length measurement versus proximal breadth of Falco cf. tinnunculus from Middle Palaeolithic of Pin Hole together with those of modern comparative specimens of smaller falcon. Figure D in S1 File. Scattergram with humerus distal breadth measurement versus measurement X (see Figure K in S1 File) of skua from Middle Palaeolithic of Pin Hole together with those of modern comparative specimens of Stecorarius. Figure E in S1 File. Scattergram with ulna greatest length measurement versus distal depth of Tachymarptis melba from Middle Palaeolithic of Pin Hole together with those of modern comparative and Pleistocene specimens of swifts Apodiformes. Figure F in S1 File. Scattergram with measurements (Mandible length Ml and Mandible breadth Mb, see Figure K) taken on the premaxilla of Anthopoides virgo from Middle Palaeolithic of Pin Hole together with those of modern comparative specimens of the species. Figure G in S1 File. Scattergram with humerus greatest length measurement versus shaft breadth of Alaudidae from Middle Palaeolithic of Pin Hole together with those of modern comparative specimens of European larks. Figure H in S1 File. Scattergram with humerus proximal breadth measurement versus shaft breadth of starlings from Middle Palaeolithic of Pin Hole together with those of modern comparative specimens of European starlings. Figure I in S1 File. Scattergram with carpometacarpus greatest length measurement versus proximal breadth of raven Corvus corax from Middle Palaeolithic of Pin Hole together with those of modern comparative specimens of European ravens and the Middle Pleistocene raven C. corax antecorax from France. Figure J in S1 File. Scattergram with tarsometatarsus distal breadth measurement versus shaft breadth of raven Corvus corax from Middle Palaeolithic of Pin Hole together with those of modern comparative specimens of European ravens and the Middle Pleistocene raven C. corax antecorax from France. Figure K in S1 File. Measurements taken on Anthropoides virgo premaxilla and Stercorariidae distal humeri. Anthropoides virgo premaxilla: Mb—premaxilla length from distal ends of the concavitas palati to distal tip, Ml—premaxilla breadth at distal ends of the concavitas palati; Stercorariidae distal humerus: Bd—breadth of distal humerus as described in figure; X—diagonal measurement from processus supracondylaris dorsalis to epicondylus ventralis; SD—depth of humerus shaft at distal end at the proximal margin of the fossa musculi brachialis.
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