Fake transfer length data generated using generative adversarial networks

These data were generated from Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) [1] that learned a probability distribution of transfer length test results [2-14]. The discriminator and generator networks consisted of a total of 10 layers with 100 nodes. Batch normalization and a 20% dropout rate were used to each layer, and PReLU was used as an activation function in the input and hidden layers. The learning rates of the discriminator was set to 0.01 and that of generator was 0.0033%. The training was terminated at 39,000 epochs. References 1. Goodfellow I, Pouget-Abadie J, Mirza M, Xu B, Warde-Farley D, Ozair S, et al., editors. Generative adversarial nets. Advances in neural information processing systems; 2014. 2. Mitchell D, Cook WD, Khan AA, Tham T. Influence of high strength concrete on transfer and development length of pretensioning strand. PCI Journal. 1993;38(3):52-66. 3. Cousins TE, Johnston DW, Zia P. Transfer and development length of epoxy coated and uncoated prestressing strand. PCI Journal. 1990;35(4):92-103. 4. Jeon S-J, Shin H, Kim S-H, Park SY, Yang J-M. Transfer Lengths in Pretensioned Concrete Measured Using Various Sensing Technologies. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials. 2019;13(1):43. 5. Gross SP, Burns NH. Transfer and development length of 15.2 mm (0.6 in.) diameter prestressing strand in high performance concrete: results of the Hoblitzell-Buckner beam tests. Texas: Center for Transportation Research at the University of Texas at Austin; 1995. 6. Russell BW, Burns NH. Measured transfer lengths of 0.5 and 0.6 in. strands in pretensioned concrete. PCI journal. 1996;41(5):44-63. 7. Park H, Cho J-Y. Bond-Slip-Strain Relationship in Transfer Zone of Pretensioned Concrete Elements. ACI Structural Journal. 2014;111(3):503-14. 8. Park H, Cho J-Y, Kim J-S. Investigation on applicability of 2400 MPa strand for posttensioned prestressed concrete girders. Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute. 2012;24(6):727-35. 9. Park H. Behavior and analysis of transfer zone in pretensioned prestressed concrete members: Ph. D. Dissertation, Seoul National University, Seoul; 2015. 10. Martí-Vargas JR, Arbelaez CA, Serna-Ros P, Castro-Bugallo C. Reliability of transfer length estimation from strand end slip. ACI Structural Journal. 2007;104(4):487-94. 11. Kim JK, Yang JM, Yim HJ. Experimental evaluation of transfer length in pretensioned concrete beams using 2,400-MPa prestressed strands. Journal of Structural Engineering. 2016;142(11):04016088. 12. Oh BH, Kim ES. Realistic evaluation of transfer lengths in pretensioned, prestressed concrete members. ACI Structural Journal. 2000;97(6):821-30. 13. Ramirez-Garcia AT, Floyd RW, Hale WM, Martí-Vargas JR. Effect of concrete compressive strength on transfer length. Structures. 2016;5:131-40. 14. Dang CN, Floyd RW, Micah Hale W, Martí-Vargas JR. Measured Transfer Lengths of 0.7 in.(17.8 mm) Strands for Pretensioned Beams. ACI Structural Journal. 2016;113(1):85-94.