Multi-technique taphogeochemical dataset of Planoxylon gnaedingeriae from the Yaguarí Formation, Uruguay

This repository contains the raw and processed datasets supporting the multi-technique taphogeochemical investigation of the silicified gymnospermous wood Planoxylon gnaedingeriae Crisafulli from the Villa Viñoles Member of the Yaguarí Formation (Late Guadalupian–Early Lopingian), northern Uruguay. The dataset corresponds to specimen CTES-PB 12107 and associated thin sections CTES-PMP 4006–4008 housed in the Colección Paleontológica Dr. Rafael Herbst (CECOAL–CONICET–UNNE, Corrientes, Argentina). The analytical workflow integrates optical petrography, confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to characterise mineral paragenesis, silica polymorph evolution, preservation of fossil organic matter, and pore-fluid evolution during fossilisation. The repository includes original microphotographs, SEM-BSE images, EDS spectra and elemental data tables, Raman spectra, XPS survey spectra, processed analytical datasets, and supplementary methodological documentation. The data document a polyphase silicification pathway involving successive precipitation of opal-A, opal-CT, chalcedony and α-quartz, together with preservation of fossil organic matter and accessory aluminosilicate and Fe³⁺-bearing mineral phases. These datasets provide an independent taphogeochemical framework for investigating continental palaeoenvironmental evolution during the Late Palaeozoic history of the northern Paraná Basin. The repository is intended to ensure transparency, reproducibility and long-term accessibility of the analytical data supporting the associated manuscript submitted to the Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina.