World Ecophysiographic Land Units 2015

Ecological Land Units (ELUs) are areas of distinct bioclimate, landform, lithology, and land cover that form the basic components of terrestrial ecosystem structure. The ELU layer was produced by combining the values in four 250-m cell-sized rasters using the ArcGIS Combine tool (Spatial Analyst). In 2015 these four components resulted in 3,639 different combinations or ELUs, which is 284 fewer than 2014 which used older land cover and a different landform methodology. Note: This layer is designed for use as a geoprocessing input layer and to support pop-ups in ArcGIS Online. Because of the large number of unique values in the image service, the legend cannot be used in a meaningful way. Use the World Ecological Land Units Map 2015 tiled map layer for mapping and visualization. These four component datasets represent the most accurate, current, globally comprehensive, and finest spatial and thematic resolution data available for each of the four inputs. Values for each of the four input layers are listed in the table below. Bioclimate Landforms Lithology Land Cover Arctic Plains Undefined Bare Area Cold Dry Hills Unconsolidated Sediment Sparse Vegetation Cold Semi-Dry Mountains Carbonate Sedimentary Rock Grassland, Shrub, or Scrub Cold Moist Mixed Sedimentary Rock Mostly Cropland Cold Wet Non-Carbonate Sedimentary Rock Mostly Needleleaf/Evergreen Forest Cool Dry Evaporite Mostly Deciduous Forest Cool Semi-Dry Pyroclastics Swampy or Often Flooded Cool Moist Metamorphic Rock Artificial or Urban Area Cool Wet Acidic Volcanics Surface Water Hot Dry Acidic Plutonics Undefined Hot Semi-Dry Non-Acidic Volcanics Hot Moist Non-Acidic Plutonics Hot Wet Warm Dry Warm Semi-Dry Warm Moist Warm Wet This layer is suitable for analysis and can be used in ArcGIS Online to support pop-ups. It can be used in ArcGIS Desktop. Because of the large number of unique values in the image service it cannot be symbolized and displays as an all black layer. To use in pop-ups set the transparency to 100% and configure the pop-up. The pop-up from this layer can be combined with the World Ecological Land Units Map. Layers providing access to the four input layers used to create this map see the following links: World Bioclimates World Landforms Improved Hammond Method World Lithology World Land Cover ESA 2010 The ecophysiographic facets layer is available here and a layer summarizing the local diversity of the ecophysiographic facets is available here. A service is available to the data tables associated with this and other global layers. These data table services can be used by developers to create custom applications. For more information see the World Ecophysiographic Tables. The layer was created by the USGS and Esri in 2015. For more information see the publication: Sayre and others. 2014. A New Map of Global Ecological Land Units — An Ecophysiographic Stratification Approach. Washington, DC: Association of American Geographers. 46 pages. Dataset Summary Analysis: Restricted single source analysis. Maximum size of analysis is 16,000 x 16,000 pixels. What can you do with this layer? This layer is suitable for analysis and can be used in ArcGIS Online to support pop-ups. It can be used in ArcGIS Desktop. Because of the large number of unique values in the image service it can not be symbolized and displays as an all white layer. To use in pop-ups set the transparency to 100% and configure the pop-up. Restricted single source analysis means this layer has size constraints for analysis and it is not recommended for use with other layers in multisource analysis. This layer has query, identify, and export image services available. This layer is restricted to a maximum area of 16,000 x 16,000 pixels - an area 4,000 kilometers on a side or an area approximately the size of Europe. This layer is part of a larger collection of landscape layers that you can use to perform a wide variety of mapping and analysis tasks. The Living Atlas of the World provides an easy way to explore the landscape layers and many other beautiful and authoritative maps on hundreds of topics. The Esri Community is a good resource for learning more about landscape layers and the Living Atlas of the World. To get started see the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World online community. The Esri Insider article “The First Ecological Land Units Map of the World” provides an introduction to the Ecophysiographic Mapping project..生态土地单元（Ecological Land Units, ELUs）是具备独特生物气候、地貌、岩性与土地覆盖特征的区域，构成陆地生态系统结构的基本组成部分。该ELU图层通过ArcGIS Combine工具（空间分析（Spatial Analyst）模块）对4幅分辨率为250米的栅格图层值进行合并生成。2015年，这4项要素共产生3639种不同组合，即生态土地单元，较2014年版本减少284种——2014年版本采用了更老旧的土地覆盖数据与不同的地貌计算方法。 注意：本图层设计用作地理处理输入图层，并支持ArcGIS Online中的弹窗展示。由于影像服务中唯一值数量较多，图例无法发挥有效作用。制图与可视化请使用《2015年全球生态土地单元地图》切片图层。 上述4项组成数据集为4项输入要素中精度最高、时效性最强、覆盖范围最广的全球全域数据，且具备最优的空间与专题分辨率。四项输入图层的取值分类如下： 1. 生物气候：北极平原、冷半干旱、冷湿润、冷湿、凉干、凉半干旱、凉湿润、凉湿、热干、热半干旱、热湿润、热湿、暖干、暖半干旱、暖湿润、暖湿 2. 地貌：未定义裸地、冷干丘陵、山地、混合沉积岩、非碳酸盐沉积岩、碳酸盐沉积岩、蒸发岩、火山碎屑岩、变质岩、酸性火山岩、非酸性火山岩、酸性深成岩体、非酸性深成岩体 3. 岩性：未固结沉积物、碳酸盐沉积岩、混合沉积岩、非碳酸盐沉积岩、蒸发岩、火山碎屑岩、变质岩、酸性火山岩、非酸性火山岩、酸性深成岩体、非酸性深成岩体、未定义 4. 土地覆盖：稀疏植被、草原/灌丛/矮灌丛、以耕地为主、以针叶树/常绿林为主、以落叶林为主、沼泽/常被淹没区域、人工/城市区域、地表水体、未定义 本图层适用于分析工作，可在ArcGIS Online中支持弹窗展示，也可用于ArcGIS Desktop。由于影像服务中唯一值数量较多，其无法被符号化，将显示为全黑色图层。若需在弹窗中使用，请将透明度设置为100%并配置弹窗参数。本图层的弹窗可与《全球生态土地单元地图》结合使用。 可通过以下链接获取用于生成本图层的4项输入图层：全球生物气候图层、世界地貌（改进型Hammond方法）、全球岩性图层、2010年欧洲空间局（European Space Agency, ESA）全球土地覆盖图层。 生态生理地貌面图层可在此处获取，用于总结生态生理地貌面局部分异度的图层也可在此处获取。另有一项服务可用于访问本图层及其他全球图层关联的数据表，开发者可利用这些数据表服务开发自定义应用程序。更多信息请参阅《全球生态生理数据表》。 本图层由美国地质调查局（United States Geological Survey, USGS）与Esri于2015年联合制作。更多信息请参阅以下文献：Sayre等人，2014年。《全球生态土地单元新地图——生态生理地貌分层方法》。华盛顿特区：美国地理学家协会，共46页。 数据集摘要与分析：受限单源分析。最大分析尺寸为16000×16000像素。 你可以使用本图层完成以下操作： 本图层适用于分析工作，可在ArcGIS Online中支持弹窗展示，也可用于ArcGIS Desktop。由于影像服务中唯一值数量较多，其无法被符号化，将显示为全白色图层。若需在弹窗中使用，请将透明度设置为100%并配置弹窗参数。受限单源分析意味着本图层存在分析尺寸限制，不建议与其他图层进行多源分析。本图层支持查询、识别与影像服务导出功能。本图层的最大分析面积限制为16000×16000像素——即边长约4000公里的区域，面积大致相当于欧洲。 本图层属于更广泛的景观图层集合的一部分，可用于执行各类制图与分析任务。《世界生活图集（Living Atlas of the World）》提供了便捷途径，可浏览景观图层及数百个主题下的众多优质权威地图。Esri社区是了解景观图层与《世界生活图集》的优质资源。入门指引请参阅ArcGIS世界生活图集在线社区。Esri Insider文章《全球首份生态土地单元地图》对生态生理地貌制图项目进行了介绍。