Table1_Synthetic materials in craniofacial regenerative medicine: A comprehensive overview.pdf

The state-of-the-art approach to regenerating different tissues and organs is tissue engineering which includes the three parts of stem cells (SCs), scaffolds, and growth factors. Cellular behaviors such as propagation, differentiation, and assembling the extracellular matrix (ECM) are influenced by the cell’s microenvironment. Imitating the cell’s natural environment, such as scaffolds, is vital to create appropriate tissue. Craniofacial tissue engineering refers to regenerating tissues found in the brain and the face parts such as bone, muscle, and artery. More biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds are more commensurate with tissue remodeling and more appropriate for cell culture, signaling, and adhesion. Synthetic materials play significant roles and have become more prevalent in medical applications. They have also been used in different forms for producing a microenvironment as ECM for cells. Synthetic scaffolds may be comprised of polymers, bioceramics, or hybrids of natural/synthetic materials. Synthetic scaffolds have produced ECM-like materials that can properly mimic and regulate the tissue microenvironment’s physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological properties, manage adherence of biomolecules and adjust the material’s degradability. The present review article is focused on synthetic materials used in craniofacial tissue engineering in recent decades.

当前再生各类组织和器官的最先进方法是组织工程，该技术包含干细胞（SCs）、支架和生长因子三个部分。细胞的行为，如增殖、分化和组装细胞外基质（ECM），受到细胞微环境的影响。模仿细胞自然环境，如支架，对于构建合适的组织至关重要。颅面组织工程是指再生大脑和面部区域的组织，例如骨骼、肌肉和动脉。更具生物相容性和可生物降解性的支架与组织重塑更为协调，更适合细胞培养、信号传导和粘附。合成材料在医疗应用中扮演着重要角色，并日益普及。它们也以不同形式被用于制造细胞外基质（ECM）等微环境。合成支架可能由聚合物、生物陶瓷或天然/合成材料的混合物组成。合成支架产生的类似细胞外基质的材料能够恰当模拟和调节组织微环境的物理、机械、化学和生物特性，管理生物分子的粘附并调整材料的降解性。本综述文章聚焦于近几十年来颅面组织工程中使用的合成材料。