Data_Sheet_1_Influences of Environmental and Social Factors on Perceived Bio-Cultural Services and Disservices.docx

Although the value of urban ecological infrastructure (UEI) is widely recognized, insufficient research has investigated how people perceive the wide variety of UEI. To address this gap, we investigated residents’ perceptions of the coupled value of aesthetic and biological qualities as related to diverse UEI and other environmental and social factors (including personal beliefs and demographics), collectively referred to as bio-cultural services and disservices. We evaluated whether people positively view their neighborhood environments as natural-looking while providing diverse plants and wildlife habitat (services), in contrast to negatively perceived disservices that we evaluated as messy-looking with weeds and pests (disservices). We analyzed survey data from residents (n = 495) in metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona, United States, coupled with environmental variables (UEI and vegetative cover) compiled from diverse sources. We ran three regression models to compare the relative influence of social and environmental factors independently and combined on the perception of bio-cultural services and disservices. Our results demonstrate the influence of social factors, particularly place identity, neighborhood cohesion, and income, on both bio-cultural services and disservices. Additionally, environmental factors such as vegetation cover increased perceptions of bio-cultural services while decreasing perceived disservices. The effects of proximity to UEI were more varied. While proximity to cropland increased perceived bio-cultural disservices, proximity to desert parks reduced disservices. Although UEI can promote biodiversity and human well-being, all UEI are not perceived the same. Our results underscore the added value of considering both the form of UEI and perceptions among people who live nearby when designing and implementing infrastructure to promote bio-cultural services that are both ecologically and socially valued.

尽管城市生态基础设施（UEI）的价值已得到广泛认可，但关于人们如何感知种类繁多的UEI的研究却相对匮乏。为填补这一空白，本研究探讨了居民对与多种UEI及其他环境和社会因素（包括个人信仰和人口统计学特征）相关的美学和生物特性耦合价值的感知，这些因素统称为生物文化服务与不利服务。我们评估了人们是否将他们的居住环境视为自然美观，同时提供多样化的植物和野生动物栖息地（服务），与那些被视为杂乱无章、杂草丛生、害虫横行的不利服务形成对比。我们分析了来自美国亚利桑那州凤凰城大都市区的495名居民的调查数据，并结合了从多个来源收集的环境变量（UEI和植被覆盖率）。我们运行了三个回归模型，以比较社会和环境因素在独立和结合情况下对生物文化服务与不利服务感知的相对影响。我们的结果表明，社会因素，尤其是地方认同感、社区凝聚力和收入，对生物文化服务与不利服务都有显著影响。此外，环境因素如植被覆盖率提高了生物文化服务的感知，同时降低了不利服务的感知。UEI的邻近性影响则更为复杂。尽管UEI可以促进生物多样性和人类福祉，但并非所有UEI都受到相同的感知。我们的结果强调了在设计实施旨在促进生态和社会价值并重的生物文化服务的基础设施时，同时考虑UEI的形式和附近居民的感知具有重要价值。