Table 2 in Comparative anatomy of tbe vocal apparatus in bats and implications for tbe diversity of laryngeal ecbolocation

Table 2. Distribution of anatomical features in the different bat clades.
CladeCricoid Arch ShapeMuscular WingsMedian CrestCricoid Ventral DevelopmentTracheal ChambersŊyroid Laminae ShapeArytenoid CartilageHyoid ApparatusStyohyoid ShapeMuscle HypertrophyNon-bats and PteropodidaeRounded--/ +--UAverageAverageDrumstick-RhinolophoideaRHNarrowed— Oval++++++-++Rounded VDeveloped muscular processReinforced basihyalPaddle++ (CAD/ CAL)MCRNarrowed— Oval++++++-Rounded VDeveloped muscular processReinforced basihyalPaddle++ (CAD/ CAL)YangochiropteraEmballonuridaeNarrowed— Oval+++++-Strict V + cranial tubercleDeveloped vocal processShorten thyrohyalsElongated and curved paddle++ (CT)PhyllostomidaeNarrowed— Triangle+++-/++-Strict V + cranial tubercleDeveloped vocal processShorten thyrohyalsElongated and curved paddle++ (CT)Pteronotus sp.Narrowed— Triangle++++++++ (flared rim)-Strict V + cranial tubercleDeveloped vocal processReinforced basihyalElongated and curved paddle++ (CT)OthersNarrowed— Triangle++++-/++-Strict V + cranial tubercleDeveloped vocal processShorten thyrohyalsElongated and curved paddle++ (CT)
CAD, cricoarytenoid dorsalis muscle; CAL, cricoarytenoid lateralis muscle; CT, cricothyroid muscle; MCR, Megadermatidae, Craseonycteridae and Rhinopomatidae group; RH, Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae group;-, absent;+, reduced; ++, present; +++, extremely developed; -/++, absent in some species and present in others.