California grid electrical energy storage requirements for select renewables integration and fleet electrification scenarios

Significant electrification of the transportation sector is necessary for
the State to achieve several important greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction and
renewable energy targets. The State’s electricity generation and
transmission capabilities must increase in order to meet the demand
generated by increasing levels of fleet electrification. The increased
demand, combined with the Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) targets will
require significantly increased energy storage capabilities that can
accommodate demand while integrating renewable power sources into the
grid. This project evaluated the mid to long-term energy storage needs of
the electric grid for select fleet electrification scenarios. The analysis
was conducted using Resolve, a power systems planning model, for RPS
targets of 60% and 80% by 2030 and 2042 respectively. The results show
that Electrical Energy Storage (EES) capacity requirements depend on a
number of parameters, including Demand Response (DR), Electric Vehicle
(EV) charging flexibility, and total EV population. The EES requirements
for the 60% RPS scenarios range from 3.9 to 4.3 GW while for the 80% RPS
scenarios, the range is from 18.5 to 20.4 GW.