UruDendro4: A Benchmark Dataset for Automatic Tree-Ring Detection in Cross-Section Images of Pinus taeda L.

If you use this dataset please cite the UruDendro4 manuscript. Method Image and annotations can be inspected using the TRAS tool developed during the project. 1) Open TRAS 2) Open Image 3) File>Load Annotations Harvest Site A total of 102 cross-sections of the species P. taeda were collected from the site known as "La Altura", located approximately 4 km from the city of Tranqueras (31°13'30.2'' S, 55°46'53.6'' W), Department of Rivera, Uruguay. Trees were felled using a chainsaw, and four discs per stem were extracted at heights of 0m, 3m, 6m, and 9m. An additional disc was collected at 1.3m for the T0 treatment. The samples were harvested in 2024, and the specific harvest months are detailed in Table 1. Silvicultural treatments are described in Table 2. Treatment Harvest Date T0 B1, B2 and B3 second week of July T2 Last week of April T4 B1 and B2 last week of April; B3 first week of June T6 B1 and B3 first week of June; B2 second week of May Table 1 Harvest datest for each treatment and block Treatment Thinning timing [years] Pre-thinning density [trees.ha^{-1}] Post-thinning density [trees.ha^{-1}] Pruning height [m] Current density [trees.ha^{-1}] T0 – Commercial management 11 600 350 between 5.5 and 8.0 350 T2 – Heavy thinning / High pruning 8 600 250 8.0 250 T4 – Current thinning / High pruning 8 600 350 8.0 350 T6 – Two thinnings / High pruning 1st thinning: 8 2nd thinning: 18 600 1st thinning: 400 2nd thinning: 200 8.0 200 Table 2 Description of silvicultural treatments: thinning schedule, tree densities before and after thinning, pruning height, and current stand density. The soils in the area are very deep, with limited drainage, loamy-sandy in texture, and extremely low fertility, having a productivity index of 53. The dominant soils are Umbric Albic Luvisols. These are classified as priority forestry soils and belong to the CONEAT group 7.42. The terrain consists of gently rolling hills with slopes of up to 3%. Image Acquisition The discs were polished using an electric planer. In addition, T0 samples were also sanded using an electric belt sander. At the time of image capture, the discs were moistened. Photographs were taken under varying lighting conditions: samples from T2 and T4 (B1 and B2) were photographed indoors under artificial white light; T6 (B2) samples were photographed outdoors; T4 (B3), T6 (B1 and B3), and T0 samples were photographed outdoors in shaded conditions. All photographs were taken using an iPhone 15 Pro. The minimum image width is 1317 pixels, and the maximum width is 4695 pixels. Sample codes follow the structure: TX_BY_NZ_W Where TX indicates the treatment applied to the tree (0, 2, 4, or 6); BY refers to the block (1, 2, or 3); NZ refers to the tree identifier (e.g., 3, 12, 23, etc.); and W refers to the sample height (A = between 10~30 cm, B = 3m, C = 6m, D = 9m, and ADAP = 1.3m). Annotation Details The software tool used to generate the annotations was Labelme , which produces closed polygons defined by a set of vertices.