Individual variation in survival probability due to differential responses to early-life environmental conditions is important in the evolution of life-histories and senescence. A biomarker allowing q
Both (A) telomere length and (B) telomerase activity of NPCs exhibited a steady decline with advancing population doubling. Telomere lengths are provided in kilobases (kb) and the level of telomerase
Females of many species adaptively program their offspring to predictable environmental conditions, a process that is often mediated by hormones. Laboratory studies have shown, for instance, that soci
