Key characteristics of malaria epidemiology, treatment policy and pharmaceutical licensing by country.

P: Plasmodium; ACT: artemisinin-based combination therapy; AL: artemether-lumefantrine; ASAQ: artesunate-amodiaquine; ASMQ: artesunate-mefloquine; CQ: chloroquine; DHA-PP-PQ: dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine-primaquine; DHA-PP: dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine; OTC: over-the-counter; PPMV: Proprietary Patent Medicine Vendors. * As part of the programme to contain the spread of artemisinin resistance, Cambodia’s treatment guidelines until early-2011 recommended the use of DHA-PP in the highest risk areas (combined with PQ where safe use has been demonstrated) and ASMQ everywhere else to treat P falciparum malaria, and DHA-PP for the treatment of P vivax malaria since 2011 (CQ was used previously). Since early-2011, Cambodia’s treatment guidelines have recommended the use of DHA-PP (combined with PQ where safe use has been demonstrated) for both P falciparum and P vivax malaria. [22].