sample1-25 Raw sequence reads

As the "emerald" of the north, the ecological environment of the Sehamba is gradually recovering and becoming complete, and its functions, including protecting the soil, resisting the attack of wind and sand, and providing water resources, are also playing a role.It is not clear how the soil microbial community changes during the afforestation process.In this study, soil microbial community characteristics of plantation forests with different planting years in the red pine wang working area of the Sehamba Mechanical Forestry Farm were investigated by using soil enzymology and high-throughput sequencing technologies, and their relationships with soil physicochemical factors were analyzed.The results showed that the soil water and fertilizer retention capacity increased with the increase of planting years, but the trend of nutrient element content varied among different years.The carbon acquisition capacity of microbial communities changed during the extension of planting years, showing a trend of decreasing and then increasing, indicating that microbial growth was carbon limited.The increase in planting years led to significant changes in the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities, especially the abundance and phylogenetic index of fungal communities showed an increasing trend, while the abundance of some microbial taxa showed a decreasing trend.Environmental factors such as soil moisture, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total potassium and quick-acting potassium played a dominant role in the changes of soil microbial communities.In addition, soil microbial interactions became more complex with the increase of planting years, reflecting the effects of nutrient changes in the soil on the microbial community.This study provides a basis for land improvement and sustainable land use in this area; it provides a scientific basis for realizing the precise regulation of nutrients and sustainable management of plantation forests.