Development of VIIRS-OLCI chlorophyll-a product for the coastal estuaries Frontiers in Marine Science

Coastal waters require monitoring of chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) in a wide range of Chl-a from a few mg/m3 to hundreds of mg/m3, which is of interest to the fisheries industry, evaluation of climate change effects, ecological modeling and detection of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). Monitoring can be carried out from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) Ocean Color (OC) satellite sensors, which are currently on orbit and are expected to be the main operational OC sensors at least for the next decade. A Neural Network (NN) algorithm, which uses VIIRS M3-M5 reflectance bands and an I1 imaging band, was developed to estimate Chl-a in the Chesapeake Bay, for the whole range of Chl-a from clear waters in the Lower Bay to extreme bloom conditions in the Upper Bay and the Potomac River, where Chl-a can be used for bloom detection. The NN algorithm demonstrated a significant improvement in the Chl-a retrieval capabilities in comparison with other algorithms, which utilize only reflectance bands. OLCI NIR/red 709/665 nm bands red edge 2010 algorithm denoted as RE10 was also explored with several atmospheric corrections from EUMETSAT, NOAA and NASA. Good consistency between the two types of algorithms is shown for the bloom conditions and the whole range of waters in the Chesapeake Bay (with RE10 switch to OC4 for lower Chl-a) and these algorithms are recommended for the combined VIIRS-OLCI product for the estimation of Chl-a and bloom monitoring. The algorithms were expanded to the waters in Long Island Sound, demonstrating good performance. Grant no. NA19NES4320002