Nitroxoline Resistance in Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and Klebsiella pneumoniae DSM681

Nitroxoline resistance occurs very slowly and is not a major problem in clinics despite being in use for half a century. We have generated Nitroxoline resistant mutants using longterm-exposure and adaptation to closer reflect the in vivo situation and to better understand resistance-drivers in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae. This was followed by in-depth characterization using metabolic and proteomic analyses and their performance in a zebrafish larvae infection model.