E171-induced Toxicity in Human iPSC-Derived Colon Organoids: Effects on Cell Viability, ROS Generation, DNA Damage, and Gene Expression Changes

Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) is a widely used food additive whose safety is debated, particularly concerning its genotoxic effects. This experiment describes E171-induced effects on iPSC-derived colon organoids and evaluates the dose-response to 10, 100, 250, and 1000 µg/mL of E171 following 24 hours of exposure. Whole genome RNA sequencing was performed to assess molecular mechanisms and effects of E171 on the gene expression of human iPSC-derived colon organoids to better understand the potential mode of action of its adverse effects.