Mapping the spatial architecture of glioblastoma from core to edge delineates niche-specific tumor cell states and intercellular interactions

This resource is part of a paper titled "Mapping the spatial architecture of glioblastoma from core to edge delineates niche-specific tumor cell states and intercellular interactions" and contains spatial transcriptomic data and single-cell RNA-sequencing data for primary human glioblastoma samples. Spatial transcriptomic data was collected using the Visium and Xenium platforms. ABSTRACT : Treatment resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) is largely driven by the extensive multi-level heterogeneity that typifies this disease. Despite significant progress toward elucidating GBM’s genomic and transcriptional heterogeneity, a critical knowledge gap remains in defining this heterogeneity at the spatial level. To address this, we employed spatial transcriptomics to map the architecture of the GBM ecosystem. This revealed tumor cell states that are jointly defined by gene expression and spatial localization, and multicellular niches whose composition varies along the tumor core-edge axis. Ligand-receptor interaction analysis uncovered a complex network of intercellular communication, including niche-and region-specific interactions. Finally, we found thatCD8⁺GZMK⁺T cells colocalize withLYVE1⁺CD163⁺myeloid cells in vascular regions, suggesting a potential mechanism for immuneevasion. These findings provide novel insights into the GBM tumor microenvironment, highlighting previously unrecognized patterns of spatial organization and intercellular interactions, and novel therapeutic avenues to disrupt tumor-promoting interactions and overcome immune resistance.