Evaluation of Upper Tropospheric Geopotential Height Anomalies over the Tropical and Subtropical Oceans in CMIP6 Models Using GNSS Radio Occultation Observations

The set-up of CESM2-CAM6 sensitivity experiments for winter season (Dec-Jan-Feb: DJF), with prognostic falling ice radiative effects on (SON) and off (NOS), is an updated two-moment stratiform cloud scheme (MG2, Gettelman & Morrison, 2015) in the CESM2 atmospheric component of CAM6. CESM2-CAM6 participated in CMIP6. Both the NOS and SON simulations were configured following the same approach as the CMIP6 "historical" run spanning from 1980 to 2014.

The data are:

TS: skin temperature (K)

TAUX: zonal surface wind stress

TAUY: meridinal surface wind stress

DTCOND: moist condensation heating rate

QRL: long wave heating rate

OMEGA: vertical motion

Z3: geopotential height