Comparison of Air Temperature/Virtual Temperature (Computed)/Physical Glycol

Model-based buffering approaches, of which VTB is one implementation, offer a potential path toward addressing this gap. By generating volume-specific thermal profiles from a common raw air temperature record, such approaches could simultaneously characterize the thermal exposure of products across the volume range stored in a given unit. Whether this constitutes a superior basis for regulatory compliance relative to appropriately sized physical buffers is an empirical question that requires controlled validation; the present study establishes the theoretical case and provides simulation-based evidence to motivate such validation.