China 1km spatial distribution data of aboveground biomass on forest land in 2004

Forests, as one of the important terrestrial ecosystems, play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. Accurate estimation of carbon storage in forest aboveground biomass is of great significance for understanding carbon budget under the background of global climate change. This study innovatively combines ground survey data, spaceborne lidar data (ICESat GLAS), optical imagery, climate, and topographic data to construct a forest aboveground biomass estimation model and map the spatial distribution of forest aboveground biomass in China at a resolution of 1 km. The results show that the estimated forest aboveground biomass is in good agreement with ground survey data, with the R2 and RMSE of the prediction results against the validation data being 0.75 and 42.39 Mg/ha, respectively. The forest aboveground biomass estimation method and results constructed in this study will provide important data support for regional vegetation carbon storage research in China.