Factors related to recurrence: univariate analyses (t, U, χ2, and Fisher's exact tests) and log-rank tests.

Values are the mean ± SD when appropriate. Significant values are featured with bold font. Four PT-INR values from the non-recurrent group and 1 PT-INR value from the recurrent group were missing and were excluded from analysis. Abbreviations: Rec: Recurrence, GCS: Glasgow Coma Score, mRS: Modified Rankin scale, CT: Computed tomography, Hyper: Hyperdense, Iso: Isodense, Hypo: Hypodense, Lay: Layered, Grad: Gradation, Sep: Separated, Trab: Trabecular, PT-INR: International normalized ratio of prothrombin time, NS: Normal saline, ACF: Artificial cerebrospinal fluid, POD: Postoperative day.