中国“三北”防护林体系建设发展战略研究

该项成果以生态经济理论作为指导思想， 强调从国土整治和国家的长远发展战略出发， 提出因地制宜地安排多林种、多树种、带片网， 乔灌草、造封管， 多效益和产供销结合， 建设多层次、多模式的农、林、牧结合的复合生态经济系统。全面分析了“三北”地区400多万平方公里自然条件、土地利用现状、历史变迁及社会经济状况， 系统地总结防护林体系建设经验。对整个“三北”地区进行了防护林类型区划。建立数学模型， 应用定性与定量分析的方法， 对各防护林类型区进行了全面规划。提出了战略目标、最终森林覆盖率以及防护林体系建设布局、战略重点、造林育苗等任务量， 战略步骤和主要指标等。 这项成果从1986年开始， 在“三北”13省(区、市)的范围内， 组织动员林业和农、牧、水等部门及科研、教学、生产单位有实践经验的专家和技术工作者2870多人， 历经3年多时间完成。自1989年实施以来， 使防护林工程建设开始走向了科学管理的轨道。近几年来举办工程造林、治沙造林、造林检查验收等各类适用新技术学习班20多期， 重点推广了抗旱造林、设置沙障固沙造林、钻孔、开沟等深栽旱作林业丰产技术等10个方面的127项适用新技术， 初步改变了“三北”地区林业科学技术落后的状态。造林成活率由60%提高到80%以上。

This achievement is guided by eco-economic theory, emphasizing starting from land consolidation and the country's long-term development strategy, and proposing to arrange multiple forest categories, tree species, strip-patch-network patterns, arbor, shrub and grass vegetation, as well as afforestation, enclosure and management measures, integrate multi-benefit goals with production-supply-marketing linkages, and build a multi-level, multi-mode compound eco-economic system integrating agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry.

It has comprehensively analyzed the natural conditions, current land use status, historical changes and socio-economic conditions of the over 4 million square kilometers of the Three-North Regions, and systematically summarized the experience in shelterbelt system construction. It has carried out shelterbelt type zoning for the entire Three-North Regions. By establishing mathematical models and applying qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, comprehensive planning has been conducted for each shelterbelt type zone, with strategic objectives, the final forest coverage rate, the construction layout of the shelterbelt system, strategic priorities, task volumes including afforestation and seedling cultivation, strategic steps and main indicators proposed.

Launched in 1986, this achievement was completed over a period of more than 3 years by mobilizing more than 2,870 experienced experts and technical workers from forestry, agriculture, animal husbandry, water conservancy and other departments, as well as scientific research, education and production units across the 13 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in the Three-North Regions. Since its implementation in 1989, it has enabled the shelterbelt project construction to embark on the track of scientific management.

In recent years, more than 20 training courses on various applicable new technologies have been held, covering topics such as project afforestation, sand control afforestation, and afforestation inspection and acceptance. A total of 127 applicable new technologies in 10 aspects have been promoted, including high-yield dryland forestry technologies like drought-resistant afforestation, sand barrier fixation afforestation, and deep planting techniques via drilling and trenching. This has initially reversed the backward state of forestry science and technology in the Three-North Regions, with the survival rate of afforestation increased from 60% to over 80%.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是关于中国三北防护林体系建设发展战略的研究报告，基于1986年至1989年的调查，由2870多名专家完成，覆盖400多万平方公里区域，提出了防护林类型区划、战略目标和造林技术方案。研究实施后显著提升了造林成活率，从60%提高到80%以上，并推广了多项适用新技术，对生态建设和科学管理具有重要指导意义。