Eco-Synthesized silver nanoparticles from Pyrrosia petiolosa: lymphocyte-sparing activity and targeted full-Thickness traumatic wound healing via motor protein modulation

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained considerable attention owing to their unique physicochemical properties, including wound-healing effects, making them highly versatile in medical and nanotechnological applications. However, their application in full-thickness traumatic wounds remains limited due to potential cytotoxicity to circulatory system cells, such as lymphocytes, and environmental concerns associated with traditional synthesis methods. To address these challenges, this study introduced a green synthesis approach for AgNPs using an aqueous extract of Pyrrosia petiolosa (Christ) Ching (YBSW). The result of characterization of the silver nanoparticles showed that biosynthesis of AgNPs was successful. Lymphocyte cytotoxicity assays demonstrated low toxicity, highlighting their biocompatibility. Histopathological examination of a murine trauma model showed that YBSW@AgNPs considerably accelerated wound closure compared with that in the controls. Transcriptomic and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that YBSW@AgNPs modulated the motor protein pathway, upregulating the expression of myosin-related genes (Myh3, Myl2, Myh8, and Myh2) and downregulating that of dynein axonemal heavy chain 11 (Dnah11). These findings position YBSW@AgNPs as a promising therapeutic candidate for advanced wound care through motor protein pathway regulation. This study represents the first report of a green-synthesized AgNP system with dual benefits of attenuated lymphocytic toxicity and improved wound healing, underscoring its potential for further biomedical exploration.