Climate change predicts Quaternary extinctions and extant genetic diversity in a threatened Australian lizard

Anthropogenic climate change poses a major threat to biodiversity worldwide; however, estimating its future impacts remains challenging. To predict and mitigate future biodiversity loss, transdisciplinary approaches are essential yet seldom applied. Here we integrate population genomics, quantitative fossil identifications, species distribution modelling, and high-resolution digital morphology to assess how Quaternary climate change and projected future climate relate to extinction vulnerability of the threatened Australian mountain dragon (Rankinia diemensis). We show that past temperature and precipitation changes have led to significant range contractions and shifts to higher elevation, resulting in geographic and genetic disconnection between modern populations. Several low-altitude populations are now extinct or show low genetic diversity and high genetic differentiation consistent with genetic drift in isolation. Models of future habitat suitability predict further climate-related..., , # Data from: Climate change predicts Quaternary extinctions and extant genetic diversity in a threatened Australian lizard Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.bzkh189nf](10.5061/dryad.bzkh189nf) ## Description of the data and file structure This supplementary dataset (.tar) contains data crucial for reproducing the morphological analyses of our study. It includes surface models (.ply) of the crania of the included agamid specimens, as well as files including the landmark coordinates (.tps) and landmark pairs (.txt). **Files and variables** *File: Surface_models_and_landmark_files.tar* **Description:** This folder contains * surface models of *Rankinia* specimens, created for this study, in polygon file format (.ply). These files can be viewed and manipulated easily using open source software (e.g., [MeshLab)](https://www.meshlab.net/) * a text file (.txt) containing numbers for matched pairs of landmarks across the line of symmetry, which can directly be used in R for the function bila...,