Supplementary files for Doré et al., 2025 - Timing is everything: Evolution of ponerine ants highlights how dispersal history shapes modern biodiversity.

### Research Article ###

This repository contains Supplementary files associated with this research paper:

Doré et al., 2025 - Timing is everything: Evolution of ponerine ants highlights how dispersal history shapes modern biodiversity. in prep.

__DOI to update once article is published!__

https://doi.org/10.1111/XXXX

### Research abstract ###

    A cornerstone of biogeography since its early developments has been to disentangle the drivers of the distribution of biodiversity patterns worldwide. Here we produce a complete species-level phylogeny of the subfamily of ponerine ants (Formicidae: Ponerinae) based on new phylogenomic sequencing and taxonomic grafting. We combine results with a large-scale geographic database to explore the interplay of the main mechanisms shaping global ponerine biodiversity patterns. We show that extant ponerine ants originated in Gondwana, spread primarily eastward across tropical bioregions, and then more recently expanded toward temperate areas. Differences in the timing of colonization events were identified as the prominent key drivers of present-day biodiversity patterns. In addition, differences in diversification rates and asymmetrical dispersal histories acted as buffers of the heterogeneity in biodiversity by fueling accumulation of lineages in the least diverse bioregions. These results suggest that tropical niche conservatism played a major role in shaping the biogeographic and evolutionary history of Ponerinae. They also highlight the importance of considering the timing of past biogeographic and evolutionary events, in complement to the scrutiny of differences in current diversification rates, to gain a deeper understanding of Earth’s biodiversity patterns.    

### Contents ###

This repository contains five sub-archives:

 - 01_Supplementary_Data: Supplementary Data S1-S7 of the article including metadata for voucher specimens, fossil calibrations, grafting information, geolocalized occurrences, biogeographic membership, bioregion adjacency matrices, and ready-to-use phylogenies.

 - 02_Supplementary_Movie: Supplementary Movie 1 - Ponerinae Biogeographic History: Time-lapsed animation of ponerine ant biogeographic and diversification history.

 - 03_Phylogenetic_inferences: Scripts and files used to carry out phylogenetic inferences.

 - 04_Divergence_dating: Scripts and files used to carry out divergence dating analyses.

 - 05_Other_analyses: Script and files used to carry out data curation, tree grafting, and biogeographic and diversification analyses. This is a release of an associated GitHub repository available at https://github.com/MaelDore/Ponerinae_Historical_Biogeography. ### How to cite ###

Please cite this research article as:  > Doré, M., Borowiec, M.L., Branstetter, M.G., Camacho, G.P., Fisher, B.L., Longino, J.T., Ward, P.S., & Blaimer, B.B., 2025. Timing is everything: Evolution of ponerine ants highlights how dispersal history shapes modern biodiversity. in prep. https://doi.org/10.1111/XXXX.

__DOI to update once article is published!__