Table_1_Genome-Wide Association Study on Root Traits Under Different Growing Environments in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).xls

Plant roots are critical for water and nutrient acquisition, environmental adaptation, and yield formation. Herein, 196 wheat accessions from the Huang-Huai Wheat Region of China were collected to investigate six root traits at seedling stage under three growing environments [indoor hydroponic culture (IHC), outdoor hydroponic culture (OHC), and outdoor pot culture (OPC)] and the root dry weight (RDW) under OPC at four growth stages and four yield traits in four environments. Additionally, a genome-wide association study was performed with a Wheat 660K SNP Array. The results showed that the root traits varied most under OPC, followed by those under both OHC and IHC, and root elongation under hydroponic culture was faster than that under pot culture. Root traits under OHC might help predict those under OPC. Moreover, root traits were significantly negatively correlated with grain yield (GY) and grains per spike (GPS), positively correlated with thousand-kernel weight (TKW), and weakly correlated with number of spikes per area (SPA). Twelve stable chromosomal regions associated with the root traits were detected on chromosomes 1D, 2A, 4A, 4B, 5B, 6D, and unmapped markers. Among them, a stable chromosomal interval from 737.85 to 742.00 Mb on chromosome 4A, which regulated total root length (TRL), was identified under three growing environments. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks were used to identify 27 genes related to root development. Three genes TraesCS4A02G484200, TraesCS4A02G484800, TraesCS4A02G493800, and TraesCS4A02G493900, are involved in cell elongation and differentiation and expressed at high levels in root tissues. Another vital co-localization interval on chromosome 5B (397.72–410.88 Mb) was associated with not only RDW under OHC and OPC but also TKW.

植物根系对于水分和营养物质的吸收、环境适应以及产量形成至关重要。本研究收集了中国黄淮麦区196个小麦品种，旨在探究在三种生长环境（室内水培（IHC）、室外水培（OHC）和室外盆栽（OPC））下幼苗阶段的六种根系性状，以及在OPC环境下四个生长阶段的根系干重（RDW）和四个环境中的四个产量性状。此外，还利用小麦660K单核苷酸多态性（SNP）芯片进行了全基因组关联研究。结果显示，在OPC环境下根系性状变异最大，其次是OHC和IHC，而在水培环境下的根系伸长速度优于盆栽。OHC环境下的根系性状可能有助于预测OPC环境下的根系性状。此外，根系性状与籽粒产量（GY）和每穗粒数（GPS）呈显著负相关，与千粒重（TKW）呈正相关，与每平方米穗数（SPA）呈弱正相关。在1D、2A、4A、4B、5B和6D染色体上检测到12个与根系性状相关的稳定染色体区域，以及若干未定位标记。其中，位于4A染色体上的一个稳定染色体区间（737.85至742.00 Mb）调控了总根长（TRL），在三种生长环境中均得以识别。通过连锁不平衡（LD）块识别了与根系发育相关的27个基因。其中，TraesCS4A02G484200、TraesCS4A02G484800、TraesCS4A02G493800和TraesCS4A02G493900等三个基因参与细胞伸长和分化，并在根系组织中高表达。另一个关键的共定位区间位于5B染色体（397.72–410.88 Mb），不仅与OHC和OPC环境下的RDW，还与TKW相关。