Datasheet2_Delayed colonization of Bifidobacterium spp. and low prevalence of B. infantis among infants of Asian ancestry born in Singapore: insights from the GUSTO cohort study.xlsx

BackgroundThe loss of ancestral microbes, or the “disappearing microbiota hypothesis” has been proposed to play a critical role in the rise of inflammatory and immune diseases in developed nations. The effect of this loss is most consequential during early-life, as initial colonizers of the newborn gut contribute significantly to the development of the immune system.MethodsIn this longitudinal study (day 3, week 3, and month 3 post-birth) of infants of Asian ancestry born in Singapore, we studied how generational immigration status and common perinatal factors affect bifidobacteria and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) colonization. Cohort registry identifier: NCT01174875.ResultsOur findings show that first-generation migratory status, perinatal antibiotics usage, and cesarean section birth, significantly influenced the abundance and acquisition of bifidobacteria in the infant gut. Most importantly, 95.6% of the infants surveyed in this study had undetectable B. infantis, an early and beneficial colonizer of infant gut due to its ability to metabolize the wide variety of human milk oligosaccharides present in breastmilk and its ability to shape the development of a healthy immune system. A comparative analysis of B. infantis in 12 countries by their GDP per capita showed a remarkably low prevalence of this microbe in advanced economies, especially Singapore.ConclusionThis study provides new insights into infant gut microbiota colonization, showing the impact of generational immigration on early-life gut microbiota acquisition. It also warrants the need to closely monitor the declining prevalence of beneficial microbes such as B. infantis in developed nations and its potential link to increasing autoimmune and allergic diseases.

背景：祖先微生物的丧失，即所谓的“微生物群消失假说”，被提出在发达国家炎症和免疫疾病的兴起中扮演着至关重要的角色。这种丧失的影响在早期生命阶段尤为显著，因为新生儿的初始定植微生物对免疫系统的发展贡献重大。
方法：在本项针对在新加坡出生的亚洲血统婴儿的纵向研究中（出生后第3天、第3周和第3个月），我们研究了代际移民状态和常见的围产期因素如何影响双歧杆菌以及婴儿双歧杆菌（B. infantis）的定植。队列登记标识符：NCT01174875。
结果：我们的研究发现，第一代移民状态、围产期抗生素使用以及剖宫产出生，显著影响了婴儿肠道中双歧杆菌的丰富度和获取。最重要的是，在本研究中调查的婴儿中，有95.6%的婴儿B. infantis无法检测到，而B. infantis是一种早期且有益的婴儿肠道定植微生物，因为它能够代谢存在于母乳中的各种人类乳糖寡糖，并且能够塑造健康免疫系统的发展。通过对12个国家B. infantis的对比分析，按人均GDP计算，在发达经济体中，尤其是新加坡，这种微生物的流行率显著较低。
结论：本研究为婴儿肠道微生物群定植提供了新的见解，展示了代际移民对早期生命阶段肠道微生物群获取的影响。同时，这也要求我们密切关注发达国家中如B. infantis等有益微生物的流行率下降，以及其与日益增长的自身免疫和过敏性疾病之间的潜在联系。